Search results for " membrane vesicles"

Extracellular Vesicles Shed by Melanoma Cells Contain a Modified Form of H1.0 Linker Histone and H1.0 mRNA-binding Proteins

2016

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are shed in the extracellular environment by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Although produced from both normal and cancer cells, malignant cells release a much higher amount of EVs, which also contain tumor-specific proteins and RNAs. We previously found that G26/24 oligodendroglioma cells shed EVs that contain the pro-apoptotic factors FasL and TRAIL1-2. Interestingly, G26/24 release, via EVs, extracellular matrix remodelling proteases3, and H1° histone protein4, and mRNA. To shed further light on the role of EVs in discarding proteins and mRNAs otherwise able to counteract proliferative signals, we studied a melanoma cell line (A375). We found that also thes…

Neurons and astrocytes shed extracellular membrane vesicles containing angiogenic factors

2009

Membrane vesicles shed by oligodendroglioma cells induce neuronal apoptosis.

2006

In order to investigate the mechanism by which oligodendrogliomas cause neuronal damage, media conditioned by G26/24 oligodendroglioma cells, were fractionated into shed vesicles and vesicle-free supernatants, and added to primary cultures of rat fetal cortical neurons. After one night treatment with vesicles, a reproducible, dose-dependent, inhibitory effect on neurite outgrowth was already induced and, after 48-72 h of incubation, neuronal apoptosis was evident. Vesicle-free supernatants and vesicles shed by NIH-3T3 cells had no inhibitory effects on neurons. Western blot analyses showed that treated neurons expressed a decreased amount of neurofilament (NF), growth-associated protein (GA…

Extracellular Membrane Vesicles as Vehicles for Brain Cell-to-Cell Interactions in Physiological as well as Pathological Conditions.

2015

Extracellular vesicles are involved in a great variety of physiological events occurring in the nervous system, such as cross talk among neurons and glial cells in synapse development and function, integrated neuronal plasticity, neuronal-glial metabolic exchanges, and synthesis and dynamic renewal of myelin. Many of these EV-mediated processes depend on the exchange of proteins, mRNAs, and noncoding RNAs, including miRNAs, which occurs among glial and neuronal cells. In addition, production and exchange of EVs can be modified under pathological conditions, such as brain cancer and neurodegeneration. Like other cancer cells, brain tumours can use EVs to secrete factors, which allow escaping…

Mouse mesoangioblasts release Hsp70 in a controlled manner through membrane vesicle shedding

2009

Mesoangioblaststs (Mabs) are mesodermal stem cells associated with vessels which can differentiate into different mesoderm cell types. They have the property to cross endothelial barrier and when injected into circulation they localize into damaged tissues. A6 cells, a clone of mouse Mabs, express Hsp70 protein in physiological conditions and this synthesis may be required to answer to several intra- and/or extra-cellular needs. It was found that Hsp70 may be released outside from several type of cells, but its role remains still undefined. In order to clarify the reason of Hsp70 constitutive expression, we prepared several A6 clones with different levels of Hsp70 expression by stable RNA i…

Paracrine effect of membrane vesicles released by mouse mesoangioblast stem cells on non correlated cell types

2016

Introduction Mouse mesoangioblasts are vessel-associated multipotent progenitor stem cells, which are able to differentiate into different mesodermal cell types. In our previous paper we have demonstrated that these cells are able to shed in the extracellular environment membrane vesicles (EV), which contain both structural proteins and biological factors such as FGF2 and the two gelatinases MMP2/9. EV represent an important mediator of cell-to-cell communication and are involved in both autocrine and paracrine signalling. Interestingly, there is a bidirectional signalling exchange between stem cell EV and damaged cells. In particular, EV from injured cells can reprogram stem cells to acqui…

Extracellular vesicles in airway homeostasis and pathophysiology

2021

The epithelial–mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU) is a morphofunctional entity involved in the maintenance of the homeostasis of airways as well as in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The “muco-microbiotic layer” (MML) is the innermost layer of airways made by microbiota elements (bacteria, viruses, archaea and fungi) and the surrounding mucous matrix. The MML homeostasis is also crucial for maintaining the healthy status of organs and its alteration is at the basis of airway disorders. Nanovesicles produced by EMTU and MML elements are probably the most important tool of communication among the different cell types, inclu…

Ekstracelulārās vezikulās ietvertās mikrobiālās RNS atklāšana cilvēku asins un urīna paraugos

2020

Gandrīz visi cilvēka šūnu tipi sekretē ekstracelulārās vezikulas (EVs), un tām ir svarīga loma starpšūnu komunikācijā. Jaunākie pētījumi liecina, ka komunikācija notiek arī starp cilvēka mikrobiotu un saimniekorganisma šūnām. Šajā pētījumā mēs parādām, ka no cilvēka asinīm un urīna izdalītās EVs satur RNS fragmentus no dažādiem mikroorganismiem. Visbiežāk sastopami baktēriju tipi un supertipi asinīs un urīnā bija Proteobacteria, PVC grupa un Terrabacteria. Lai noteiktu vai šo mikrobiālo transkriptu galvenais avots ir zarnu mikrobioms, mēs izstrādājām EV izdalīšanas metodi no cilvēku fēču paraugiem. Tālāk mēs plānojām veikt RNS sekvencēšanas (RNA-seq) analīzi EV, kas izdalītas no plazmas, ur…

Transportan 10 Induces Perturbation and Pores Formation in Giant Plasma Membrane Vesicles Derived from Cancer Liver Cells

2023

Continuous progress has been made in the development of new molecules for therapeutic purposes. This is driven by the need to address several challenges such as molecular instability and biocompatibility, difficulties in crossing the plasma membrane, and the development of host resistance. In this context, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) constitute a promising tool for the development of new therapies due to their intrinsic ability to deliver therapeutic molecules to cells and tissues. These short peptides have gained increasing attention for applications in drug delivery as well as for their antimicrobial and anticancer activity but the general rules regulating the events involved in cell…

Shedding of extracellular membrane vesicles from both normal and tumor cells in culture

2009

Tumor cells of different origins shed extracellular membrane vesicles (MVs), that contain angiogenetic- and pro-apoptotic-factors as well as matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). In addition, also neurons and astrocytes in culture produce VEGF- and FGF2- containing MVs, while oligodendroglioma (G26/24) cells release FasL-containing MVs that inhibit neurite sprouting and cause neuronal apoptosis. Starting from these observations, we have been analyzing composition of MVs produced by both normal and tumor cells in culture. We found that MVs from G26/24 cells contain TRAIL, Hsp70, and VEGF. We also traced the route of shed MVs, by adding vesicles that contain 35S-labeled proteins to unlabeled neuron…